Let these first words act as fair warning. This book, like its companion
volume of Essays, will not be easily read or comprehended. Neither is so
intended. Those who are determined to venture further should brace themselves
accordingly.
The origins of this book lie in my youthful loss of faith in the God of my
childhood. Its genesis however, came in midlife, with the realisation that
all my early dreams and ambitions have been achieved, abandoned, or had
otherwise faded into impossibility. It was a moment of awakening that exposed
the consequences of my lack of any faith. I felt a growing unease at the
prospect of entering the last part of my life without any satisfactory
understanding of its purpose or meaning. At first that condition was
tolerable since it was endemic among my contemporaries. In time however, it
had an unwonted impact, bringing about a total collapse in the vague and
rough hewn amorality that had served well enough to carry me through a busy and
successful life. And so I found myself in midlife in a quandary about the
meaning and purpose of my life and with no firm base for any of my moral
decisions.
The struggle with those problems eventually brought me to realise that the
source of my difficulties lay in my failure to replace the God with whom I had
been raised. Without Him or his substitutes I was left alone and unaided to
face a growing number of increasingly sharp, disturbing and hitherto ignored
perplexities and insecurities. How could I praise good and condemn evil? On
what basis could I order my own behaviour or judge that of others? Worst of
all, how could I face and accept the certainty and finality of death, an
issue that increased in importance as I grew older. My inability to accept
divine providence, or for that matter any other form of human predestination,
left me at what should have been the prime of my self-confidence with a tangle
of unsettling questions and doubts. I could not ignore them, and they would
not go away.
Many individuals and organisations offered to lead me out of my troubles. In
the main I was urged to put myself and my doubts in the hands of others, and
accept their particular explanation for the existence and purpose of humanity
and its environment. The problem with all those prophets and self-proclaimed
saviours of humankind was that they used the same arguments to support
different, incompatible, and indeed occasionally mutually hostile, solutions
to the problems of the human condition. They were also too quick to see my
puzzlement and distress as a weakness to be exploited, and as an illness that
only their particular gods or theories could cure.
In the end, it was the very vehemence of the claims made by the proponents of
those belief systems to sole possession of the truth, and their consequent open
antagonism toward other explanations of the meaning and purpose of human
existence, that finally pointed me in the right direction. Their often bitter
rivalries drove me through and away from faith in any existing religion or
system of belief. In my consequent wanderings I came to recognise that the
passion and militancy of many of these beliefs, sects and movements was at the
root of those very features of my world which had first sapped my faith in my
God; the violence, hatred, intolerance, selfishness and confusion I saw
around me.
In those same travels however, I also discovered that, in their many
differing ways, all those competing belief systems offered much more than
simply an answer to the kind of question which so troubled my mid-life. I
realised that they played a vital role in meeting a deep yet immediate need in
the human species, and one that I recognised in myself. I mean a need to
belong. I found within me, and came to recognise in others, a deep ache to
be an accepted part of a stable, protective and continuing human community in
which the purpose of our lives and the rules and standards of moral and social
conduct are known and predictable, and in which each of us can find a secure
and welcoming place.
The power of that hunger for the safe company of other members of humankind,
that almost irresistible communal impulse of our species, came as unexpected
jolt. I had begun my search for a replacement for the God of my childhood by
rejecting the community in which I had been raised. But by separating myself
from it I discovered the depth and strength of my dependence on the society of
others of my kind. From that grain of wisdom grew a realisation that only as
a social being can any individual hope to reach beyond the compass of their own
life. I came to see that the only way we can transcend our mortality is to
contribute to the society to which we belong. By shaping, informing and
improving that community of our fellows, the effect of who we are and what we
do survives us. Along this path I also found a better understanding of the
importance of the complex interdependence between individuals and societies.
Individuals may invent, amend, develop and proclaim the ideologies on which
societies can be constructed. By such ideas humankind can even gain influence
beyond death. But while individuals may create, command and even dominate
the community in which they are embedded, their only hope of immortality is to
subordinate their individuality to the infinite survival of the social
institutions they create and maintain.
These steps led me to an intimidating conclusion. If I were escape from the
quandary that afflicted my middle age, I had to develop an all-encompassing
view of the universe from which I could derive a meaning and purpose for human
existence, and on which I could construct my moral and social life. Without
a sure answer to such questions, without God or his competitors, there seemed
to me to be no solid foundation for human society. There was certainly
nothing to hold it together in a form that would meet my (and others) needs for
a stable and protective community in which I could live my life, and give me
an opportunity to have any form of existence beyond my death.
My difficulties therefore resolved themselves into the awesome task of finding
an answer to all those familiar yet fundamental questions about the nature and
purpose of life that have perennially vexed our kind. An answer, moreover,
that would not only provide a satisfactory cement for human society and so
create a base on which I could reconstruct the collapsing framework of my life,
but one that would also avoid the absurdities that had caused me to reject my
earlier beliefs.
The sole purpose of this book is to set out my solution to that seemingly
intractable problem. In it I present a set of ideas that I have the temerity
to try to share with others. The long period of thought that preceded its
writing centred on the very real difficulty I had in finding an acceptable
alternative source for all the benefit and support that belief in divine
providence or predestination provides for the human species. Its publication
has been much delayed by my reluctance to expose the simplicity of my eventual
answer.
I have no wish or reason to conceal the self-doubt I suffered before finally
deciding to publish my thoughts. Much of that hesitation arose from a
distinct feeling that only a vastly inflated ego could imagine that so profound
and troubling a set of problems could be answered by any individual, let alone
so briefly. All I can say is that I have now exhausted my powers of self
criticism; that I no longer have the energy to sustain my vacillation and
hesitation; and that my solution works for me. My readers must now judge for
themselves.
With that introduction it may not come as too much of a surprise to find that
many of the old, sound rules for a viable moral and social life that the long
experience of our species have found to be best for us reappear in this book.
But I want to make it absolutely clear that I started my journey of
exploration in search of a new meaning and purpose for my life in the confident
expectation that I would find myself on totally new territory. Now that this
work is complete I am a wiser and much more modest man.
I have learned in my inner travels that it would be an exceptional genius
indeed who could transcend the accumulated wisdom of the generations of
humankind on these issues. And so it has proved. Despite long and often
circuitous digressions the final outcome of my work is the rediscovery and
reestablishment on a new basis of many of the well-proven principles that have
formerly underpinned our society and governed our lives. That is not to say
that there are no new concepts and inspirations to be discovered in my
writings. But the fact is that my achievement, such as it is, is to have
found a way to rebuild our moral and social life in a familiar and tested form
without the encumbrance of a God or any other form of external predestination
for our species.
Both the ideas and the structure of this book are therefore simple in essence
and I have no more apologies to make for that fact. I begin with a statement
of the three Axioms on which the whole of my thinking is based. These are
propositions for which I offer no justification or proof. The reader must
either accept them as a working hypothesis or abandon this book at that point.
If they can be accepted, then they are the starting point for the
construction of my view of ourselves and of our universe, and with it, of a
radical restructure of our moral and social lives.
The only Dogma in the book follows, a short statement of a choice of purpose
for our species made possible by an acceptance of the Axioms. The rest of my
writing grows outward from these central points. First in a set of Principles
derived directly from the Axioms and Dogma on which our moral and social
decisions can be built. Then by the development of a series of Treatises in
which I set out what seem to me to be the main implications of the Axioms,
Dogma and Principles for the shape and conduct of our lives. No special
significance should be attached to the order in which the Treatises are
presented.
The book ends with a section which I have called a Discourse for want of a
better name. It is no more than a collection of personal thoughts and
comments on the themes and ideas presented earlier.
The image in my mind as I wrote was of ripples spreading outward from a small
impact on still water or, perhaps more accurately, of the growth of crystals
in a supersaturated solution from the point of seeding. But to touch upon a
subject that I discuss more fully in my Discourse, let me make it clear that I
do not claim that my Principles and Treatises deal with all the consequences of
an acceptance of the Axioms and choice of the Dogma. I am here only concerned
to introduce the reader to some of the more important moral and social
implications of those decisions as I understand them. A full exegesis I am
bound to leave to the future and perhaps to others.
This then is no novel, no book designed or intended to wile away an idle hour
or so. Indeed I should perhaps repeat the warning with which I began this
Foreword, and make it clear that I have not aimed to make this an
entertaining, or even particularly readable, book. The reasoning behind
that approach to the writing of this, my first work, can only be grasped when
the whole of my thinking has been understood. It is perhaps enough for me to
say at this stage that I want to take every possible precaution to ensure that
only the most determined readers, only those who truly feel a compelling need
to find a replacement for their present beliefs, are able to persevere through
the thickets I have created.
In particular I suspect that most people will find the early sections of my
book, and especially the Principles, a dry and dense diet. They are as
stark and rigorous an exposition as I can manage of what seems to me to be the
foundations on which our moral and social life should be built if the Objective
of the Dogma is to be achieved. The more persistent readers, that is those
who do not fall at my first hurdle, will probably find it better to pass on
quickly after a preliminary brush with the earlier sections and begin in
earnest at the Treatises. However, any serious reader should take careful
note of the Axioms, Dogma and Principles since they are a constant reference in
the later text, which is written on the assumption that those founding ideas
have been absorbed.
I have allowed myself some relaxation in rigour in the later parts of my work,
in an attempt to produce something like a readable text. Even there however,
the reader should understand that I have largely sacrificed any potential for
entertainment to the effort to preserve precision in what is said. In any
event, I do not advise anyone to begin this book at its concluding Discourse.
It is the section where I felt least inhibited in my writing style, but it is
an integral part of my works and will not be easily understood without at least
a passing knowledge of the rest.
Apart from a plea that the whole should be read before any judgement on any of
its parts is made, I do not wish to recommend an approach to this book or even
to suggest one to my reader. Each must explore the work in their own way,
though I am sure most people will find themselves moving back and forth between
its different sections rather than simply reading straight through from start
to finish. That is how this book was created, by a constant process of
rewriting and revision as later conclusions affected earlier views and vice
versa.
I have purposely left the section on the structure and organisation of the
Society of HumanKind itself to the end of my Foreword, although it appears in
the book in its natural place immediately after the Principles. The choice
that I propose for the human species, and set out in the Dogma, opens the
possibility that humanity could, at last, take upon itself the responsibility
for its own salvation. A necessary consequence of such a decision must be, I
think, the proposal for the establishment of the Society of HumanKind. That
therefore, is the real reason for the publication of this book, for neither I
nor any other member of our species can hope to achieve the Aim of that Society
alone.
I do not pretend that this slim volume contains the answers to all our
problems. I am no god. Our lives are too complex and unpredictable for the
wit of any one individual to resolve entirely, and no-one should seek to avoid
the pains and burdens of life by reading any book, even this one. But if you
accept my conclusions and proposals you will want to found or join a local
branch of, or group within, the Society of HumanKind and set about the
formidable task of achieving its Aim.
That would be, for me, sufficient reward for all my pains. I will be
content if I am remembered as the Founder of the Society of HumanKind. Which,
if its Aim should ever be achieved, will be as glorious a memorial as anyone
could conceive.
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